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摘要: 金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩技术是应用光学领域的重要研究方向,它是集合了多相态、多耦合、多尺度的复杂高温、高压物理与化学过程。为了厘清金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩研究中的核心难点,给研究者提供有效的理论参考和趋向信息,本文对金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩技术的研究概况进行了分析总结。首先明确了金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩机理;之后分别从石油井下作业用金宝搏188软件怎么用 器、金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩影响因素、金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩的温度场相变传热、物理力学性质以及金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩应用可行性等方面对国内外金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩技术研究进行了总结分析,指出了现阶段所取得的创新成果和不足;最后阐明了金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩技术的优点和发展趋势。研究结果表明,金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩技术可在现场配套设施研发、多影响因素评价、多场耦合作用机制和井下适用性理论体系研究等方向着力突破。Abstract: Laser technology in rock removal is an important research direction in the field of applied optics. It is a complex, high-temperature and high-pressure physical and chemical process with multi-phase, multi-coupling and multi-scale applications. In order to clarify the core difficulties in laser-rock interaction research and to provide an effective theory reference and trend information for researchers, an overview of research on laser rock removal technology is summarized. Firstly, the mechanism of rock removal using lasers is clarified. Then, existing research of laser rock removal is summarized and analyzed from different perspectives, including laser equipment for petroleum drilling and completion, its influencing factors, the phase-change heat transfer of temperature fields, its physical and mechanical properties, and its feasibility in the oil and gas industry. Finally, the advantages of rock removal by laser technology compared with traditional drilling and completion methods are elaborated. In view of the existing problems in laser-rock interaction research, the future development trend of rock removal by laser technology is predicted. The research results show that rock removal by laser technology can lead to research breakthroughs in field-supporting facilities, multi-factor evaluation, multi-field coupling mechanisms and theoretical systems of underground applicability.
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图 7 多孔材料受激前后孔隙特征和微观流体输送效率的变化[91]
Figure 7. Pore distribution characteristics and fluid transport efficiency of porous material before and after laser treatment
图 9 金宝搏188软件怎么用 机械式光纤三牙轮钻头[101]
Figure 9. Laser-mechanical tri-cone rotary bit with fiber optic delivery system
表 1 金宝搏188软件怎么用 破岩代表性研究成果
Table 1. Representational achievements of rock removal by laser
Researchers Year Research contents References Moavenzadeh F, et al 1968 The idea of rock breaking and drilling by laser is put forward. [21] O′Brien D G, et al 1999 Feasibility test of rock breaking by laser drilling has been carried out, and its incomparable superiority in improving penetration rate has been proved. [25] Graves R, et al 1998/2002 The specific energy between laser drilling and other drilling techniques is compared, and the effect of different laser on different rock type is analyzed including 6 typical lasers and 13 rock samples. [2]/[27] Xu Z, et al 2002~2005 The effect of different parameters on specific energy of laser rock drilling is studied through laboratory experiments, and its thermal spallation model is established. [11]/[14] /[16]/[17] Batarseh S, et al 2002/2012/2017 The high power laser-rock interaction and the change of rock properties by laser including porosity, permeability, strength are analyzed, and the application advantages in the oil and gas industry are presented. [6]/[10]/[19] Yi X Z, et al 2010/2011 The mechanism of laser rock breaking is introduced in detail, and it is pointed out that the temperature field is the fundamental factor causing the change of micro-physical and macro-physical properties of rocks. [22]-[24] 表 2 金宝搏188软件怎么用 井下作业用金宝搏188软件怎么用 器[22, 28]
Table 2. Laser devices used for petroleum downhole operation[22, 28]
Type Symbol Year Wavelength/μm Operation mode Average power/kW Carbon dioxide CO2 1964 10.6 CW、RP 1 000 Used widely, good durability and reliability, too large wavelength and attenuate easily. Carbon monoxide CO 1964 5~6 CW、RP 2 000 Work only under cooling conditions, mainly used in scientific research and medical treatment.
Neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnetNd: YAG 1964 1.06 CW、RP 4 000 Small energy of only 4 kW used in industry, but tend to be feasible to obtain 10 kW or higher power laser.
Hydrogen fluoride and deuterium fluorideDF/HF 1969 2.6~4.2 CW 10 000 First used to conduct rock formation tests in reservoirs. Free electron laser FEL 1976 1.61 CW 14.2 Infrared range, adjusted laser wavelength, can make laser reflection, scattering, absorption, blackbody radiation and plasma shielding optimization.
Chemical oxygen iodine laserCOIL 1977 1.315 CW、RP 200 Accurately wavelength and amplitude control, used in well control, sidetracking and directional drilling, and suitable for deep well with low cost. Krypton fluoride excimer KrF 1977 0.248 RP 10 Low energy laser, no thermal effect, strong directivity, high wavelength purity and high output power High power fiber laser HPFL 2002 1.07 CW、RP 1~100 Long-distance transmission, super high electro-optical conversion efficiency (30%) and good beam quality. 注:CW表示连续波工作方式;RP表示重复脉冲工作方式。 -
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